不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
善待敌人,就是残害人民。
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
我建议推迟会议。
当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①)。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定 式说明主语的内容。
④Our work is serving the people.
我们的工作是为人民服务。
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
他喜欢晚饭后散步。
⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.
王先生讲的故事很有趣。
④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving thepeople is our work,而⑥句中是现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质、状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来。
扩展资料:
动词不定式作状语
(1)目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
例句:
①He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
②I come here only to say good-bye to you.
我来仅仅是向你告别。
(2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。
例句:
①What have I said to make you angry.
我说了什么让你生气。
②He searched the room only to find nothing.
他搜了一下房间,结果一无所获。
(3)表原因
例句:
①I'm glad to see you.
很高兴见到你。
当动词与介词连用时,常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。
参考资料来源: