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如何获取一个磁盘的句柄？

Simone 发布于 2024-10-25 07:26:30 554 阅读

如何获取一个磁盘的句柄？

v

'模块

Option Explicit

'***************************************************************************************************************

'获取当前所有逻辑驱动器的根驱动器路径

'GetLogicalDriveStrings说明

'获取一个字串，其中包含了当前所有逻辑驱动器的根驱动器路径

'返回值

'Long，装载到lpBuffer的字符数量（排除空中止字符）。如缓冲区的长度不够，不能容下路径，则返回值就变成要求的缓冲区大小。零表示失败。会设置GetLastError

'参数表

'参数 类型及说明

'nBufferLength Long，lpBuffer字串的长度

'lpBuffer String，用于装载逻辑驱动器名称的字串。每个名字都用一个NULL字符分隔，在最后一个名字后面用两个NULL表示中止（空中止）

Private Declare Function GetLogicalDriveStrings Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetLogicalDriveStringsA" (ByVal nBufferLength As Long, ByVal lpBuffer As String) As Long

'****************************************************************************************************************

'判断驱动器的类型

Private Declare Function GetDriveType Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetDriveTypeA" (ByVal nDrive As String) As Long

Private Const DRIVE_UNKNOWN = 0 '驱动器类型无法确定

Private Const DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR = 1 '驱动器根目录不存在

Private Const DRIVE_REMOVABLE = 2 '软盘驱动器或可移动盘

Private Const DRIVE_FIXED = 3 '硬盘驱动器

Private Const DRIVE_REMOTE = 4 'Network 驱动器

Private Const DRIVE_CDROM = 5 '光盘驱动器

Private Const DRIVE_RAMDISK = 6 'RAM 存储器

'****************************************************************************************************************

' CreateFile获取设备句柄

'参数

'lpFileName 文件名

'dwDesiredAccess 访问方式

'dwShareMode 共享方式

'ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes 安全描述符指针

'dwCreationDisposition 创建方式

'dwFlagsAndAttributes 文件属性及标志

' hTemplateFile 模板文件的句柄

'CreateFile这个函数用处很多，这里我们用它「打开」设备驱动程序，得到设备的句柄。

'操作完成后用CloseHandle关闭设备句柄。

'与普通文件名有所不同，设备驱动的「文件名」形式固定为「\\.\DeviceName」(注意在C程序中该字符串写法为「\\\\.\\DeviceName」)

'DeviceName必须与设备驱动程序内规定的设备名称一致。

'一般地，调用CreateFile获得设备句柄时，访问方式参数设置为0或GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE

'共享方式参数设置为FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE，创建方式参数设置为OPEN_EXISTING，其它参数设置为0或NULL。

Private Declare Function CreateFile Lib "kernel32" Alias "CreateFileA" (ByVal lpFileName As String, ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Long, ByVal dwShareMode As Long, lpSecurityAttributes As SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, ByVal dwCreationDisposition As Long, ByVal dwFlagsAndAttributes As Long, ByVal hTemplateFile As Long) As Long

Private Declare Function CloseHandle Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hObject As Long) As Long

Private Const GENERIC_READ = &H80000000 '允许对设备进行读访问

Private Const FILE_SHARE_READ = &H1 '允许读取共享

Private Const OPEN_EXISTING = 3 '文件必须已经存在。由设备提出要求

Private Const FILE_SHARE_WRITE = &H2 '允许对文件进行共享访问

'****************************************************************************************************************

'DeviceIoControl说明

'用途 实现对设备的访问—获取信息，发送命令，交换数据等。

'参数

'hDevice 设备句柄

'dwIoControlCode 控制码

'lpInBuffer 输入数据缓冲区指针

'nInBufferSize 输入数据缓冲区长度

'lpOutBuffer 输出数据缓冲区指针

'nOutBufferSize 输出数据缓冲区长度

'lpBytesReturned 输出数据实际长度单元长度

'lpOverlapped 重叠操作结构指针

Private Declare Function DeviceIoControl Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hDevice As Long, ByVal dwIoControlCode As Long, lpInBuffer As Any, ByVal nInBufferSize As Long, lpOutBuffer As Any, ByVal nOutBufferSize As Long, lpBytesReturned As Long, lpOverlapped As OVERLAPPED) As Long

Private Type SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES

nLength As Long '结构体的大小

lpSecurityDescriptor As Long '安全描述符（一个C-Style的字符串）。

bInheritHandle As Long '所创建出来的东西是可以被其他的子进程使用的

End Type

'查询存储设备还是适配器属性

Private Enum STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID

StorageDeviceProperty = 0 '查询设备属性

StorageAdapterProperty '查询适配器属性

End Enum

'查询存储设备属性的类型

Private Enum STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE

PropertyStandardQuery = 0 '读取描述

PropertyExistsQuery '测试是否支持

PropertyMaskQuery '读取指定的描述

PropertyQueryMaxDefined '验证数据

End Enum

'查询属性输入的数据结构

Private Type STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY

PropertyId As STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID '设备/适配器

QueryType As STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE '查询类型

AdditionalParameters(0) As Byte '额外的数据(仅定义了象徵性的1个字节)

End Type

Private Type OVERLAPPED

Internal As Long '保留给操作系统使用。用于保存系统状态，当GetOverLappedRseult的返回值中没有设置ERROR_IO_PENDING时，本域为有效。

InternalHigh As Long '成员保留给操作系统使用。用于保存异步传输数据的长度。当GetOverLappedRseult返回TRUE时，本域为有效。

offset As Long '指定开始进行异步传输的文件的一个位置。该位置是距离文件开头处的偏移值。在调用ReadFile或WriteFile之前，必须设置此分量。

OffsetHigh As Long '指定开始异步传输处的字节偏移的高位字部分。

hEvent As Long '指向一个事件的句柄，当传输完后将其设置为信号状态。

End Type

'存储设备的总线类型

Private Enum STORAGE_BUS_TYPE

BusTypeUnknown = 0

BusTypeScsi

BusTypeAtapi

BusTypeAta

BusType1394

BusTypeSsa

BusTypeFibre

BusTypeUsb

BusTypeRAID

BusTypeMaxReserved = &H7F

End Enum

'查询属性输出的数据结构

Private Type STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR

Version As Long '版本

Size As Long '结构大小

DeviceType As Byte '设备类型

DeviceTypeModifier As Byte 'SCSI-2额外的设备类型

RemovableMedia As Byte '是否可移动

CommandQueueing As Byte '是否支持命令队列

VendorIdOffset As Long '厂家设定值的偏移

ProductIdOffset As Long '产品ID的偏移

ProductRevisionOffset As Long '产品版本的偏移

SerialNumberOffset As Long '序列号的偏移

BusType As STORAGE_BUS_TYPE '总线类型

RawPropertiesLength As Long '额外的属性数据长度

RawDeviceProperties(0) As Byte '额外的属性数据(仅定义了象徵性的1个字节)

End Type

'计算控制码 IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY

Private Const IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE As Long = &H2D

Private Const METHOD_BUFFERED = 0

Private Const FILE_ANY_ACCESS = 0

'判断驱动器类别

Public Function TellDriveType(ByVal sDriveLetter As String) As String

Select Case GetDriveType(sDriveLetter)

Case DRIVE_UNKNOWN

TellDriveType = "驱动器类型无法确定"

Case DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR

TellDriveType = "驱动器根目录不存在"

Case DRIVE_CDROM

TellDriveType = "光盘驱动器"

Case DRIVE_FIXED

TellDriveType = "固定驱动器"

Case DRIVE_RAMDISK

TellDriveType = "RAM盘"

Case DRIVE_REMOTE

TellDriveType = "远程（网络）驱动器"

Case DRIVE_REMOVABLE

If UCase$(Left$(sDriveLetter, 1)) = "A" Or UCase$(Left$(sDriveLetter, 1)) = "B" Then

TellDriveType = "软盘"

Else

TellDriveType = "其他"

End If

TellDriveType = "可移动驱动器 - " & TellDriveType

Case Else

TellDriveType = "未知"

End Select

TellDriveType = TellDriveType & " - " & GetDriveBusType(sDriveLetter) & "总线"

End Function

'获取磁盘属性

Private Function GetDisksProperty(ByVal hDevice As Long, utDevDesc As STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR) As Boolean

Dim ut As OVERLAPPED

Dim utQuery As STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY

Dim lOutBytes As Long

With utQuery

.PropertyId = StorageDeviceProperty

.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery

End With

GetDisksProperty = DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY, utQuery, LenB(utQuery), utDevDesc, LenB(utDevDesc), lOutBytes, ut)

End Function

Private Function CTL_CODE(ByVal lDeviceType As Long, ByVal lFunction As Long, ByVal lMethod As Long, ByVal lAccess As Long) As Long

CTL_CODE = (lDeviceType * 2 ^ 16&) Or (lAccess * 2 ^ 14&) Or (lFunction * 2 ^ 2) Or (lMethod)

End Function

'获取设备属性信息，希望得到系统中所安装的各种固定的和可移动的硬盘、优盘和CD/DVD-ROM/R/W的接口类型、序列号、产品ID等信息。

Private Function IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY() As Long

IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY = CTL_CODE(IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE, &H500, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS)

End Function

'获取驱动器总线类型

Public Function GetDriveBusType(ByVal sDriveLetter As String) As String

Dim hDevice As Long

Dim ut As SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES

Dim utDevDesc As STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR

hDevice = CreateFile("\\.\" & sDriveLetter, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ Or FILE_SHARE_WRITE, ut, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0)

If hDevice <> -1 Then

utDevDesc.Size = LenB(utDevDesc)

Call GetDisksProperty(hDevice, utDevDesc)

Select Case utDevDesc.BusType

Case BusType1394

GetDriveBusType = "1394"

Case BusTypeAta

GetDriveBusType = "Ata"

Case BusTypeAtapi

GetDriveBusType = "Atapi"

Case BusTypeFibre

GetDriveBusType = "Fibre"

Case BusTypeRAID

GetDriveBusType = "RAID"

Case BusTypeScsi

GetDriveBusType = "Scsi"

Case BusTypeSsa

GetDriveBusType = "Ssa"

Case BusTypeUsb

GetDriveBusType = "Usb"

Case BusTypeUnknown

GetDriveBusType = "未知"

Case Else

End Select

Call CloseHandle(hDevice)

End If

End Function

Public Sub findUsbHardDisk()

Dim r&, allDrives$, JustOneDrive$, pos%, DriveType&

Dim Diskfound% '是否移动硬盘

Dim AllDiskID$ '系统所有硬盘盘符

Dim retBusType$ '返回总线类型

allDrives$ = Space$(64) '建立缓冲区

r& = GetLogicalDriveStrings(Len(allDrives$), allDrives$) '获取系统里所有的逻辑驱动器名

allDrives$ = Left$(allDrives$, r&) '过滤尾部多余的空格字符

Do

pos% = InStr(allDrives$, Chr$(0)) '搜索Chr(0)的位置获取各驱动器名

If pos% Then

JustOneDrive$ = Left$(allDrives$, pos%) '得到驱动器名，含Chr(0)

pos% = InStr(JustOneDrive$, Chr$(0))

JustOneDrive$ = Mid$(JustOneDrive$, 1, pos% - 2) '分离Chr(0)和"\"

allDrives$ = Mid$(allDrives$, pos% + 1, Len(allDrives$)) '分离本次的一组字符，重新组合。

DriveType& = GetDriveType(JustOneDrive$) '判断驱动器类型

If DriveType& = DRIVE_FIXED Then

retBusType$ = GetDriveBusType(JustOneDrive$)

If retBusType$ = "Usb" Then

AllDiskID$ = AllDiskID$ & JustOneDrive$ '累加发现的移动硬盘盘符

Diskfound% = True

End If

End If

End If

Loop Until allDrives$ = "" '直到最后一组

If Diskfound% Then

MsgBox "发现移动硬盘 -->" & AllDiskID$, vbInformation, "结果"

Else

MsgBox "你的系统没有移动硬盘", vbInformation, "结果"

End If

End Sub

'窗体

Private Sub Command1_Click()

findUsbHardDisk

End Sub

可以试试使用WMI（在msdn上有详细的信息）:

硬盘序列号: 用Win32_PhysicalMedia class.

CPU编号: 用Win32_Processor class.

BIOS编号: 用Win32_BIOS class.

下面例子取得硬盘的序列号，其他的用法也类似(msdn上的例子，把Win32_OperatingSystem改成了Win32_PhysicalMedia）:

#define _WIN32_DCOM

#include

using namespace std;

#include

#include

# pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

HRESULT hres;

// Step 1: --------------------------------------------------

// Initialize COM. ------------------------------------------

hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);

if (FAILED(hres))

{

cout << "Failed to initialize COM library. Error code = 0x"

<< hex << hres << endl;

return 1; // Program has failed.

}

// Step 2: --------------------------------------------------

// Set general COM security levels --------------------------

// Note: If you are using Windows 2000, you need to specify -

// the default authentication credentials for a user by using

// a SOLE_AUTHENTICATION_LIST structure in the pAuthList ----

// parameter of CoInitializeSecurity ------------------------

hres = CoInitializeSecurity(

NULL,

-1, // COM authentication

NULL, // Authentication services

NULL, // Reserved

RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // Default authentication

RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation

NULL, // Authentication info

EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities

NULL // Reserved

);

if (FAILED(hres))

{

cout << "Failed to initialize security. Error code = 0x"

<< hex << hres << endl;

CoUninitialize();

return 1; // Program has failed.

}

// Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------

// Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------

IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;

hres = CoCreateInstance(

CLSID_WbemLocator,

0,

CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,

IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);

if (FAILED(hres))

{

cout << "Failed to create IWbemLocator object."

<< " Err code = 0x"

<< hex << hres << endl;

CoUninitialize();

return 1; // Program has failed.

}

// Step 4: -----------------------------------------------------

// Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method

IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;

// Connect to the root\cimv2 namespace with

// the current user and obtain pointer pSvc

// to make IWbemServices calls.

hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(

_bstr_t(L"ROOT\\CIMV2"), // Object path of WMI namespace

NULL, // User name. NULL = current user

NULL, // User password. NULL = current

0, // Locale. NULL indicates current

NULL, // Security flags.

0, // Authority (e.g. Kerberos)

0, // Context object

&pSvc // pointer to IWbemServices proxy

);

if (FAILED(hres))

{

cout << "Could not connect. Error code = 0x"

<< hex << hres << endl;

pLoc->Release();

CoUninitialize();

return 1; // Program has failed.

}

cout << "Connected to ROOT\\CIMV2 WMI namespace" << endl;

// Step 5: --------------------------------------------------

// Set security levels on the proxy -------------------------

hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(

pSvc, // Indicates the proxy to set

RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx

RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx

NULL, // Server principal name

RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx

RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx

NULL, // client identity

EOAC_NONE // proxy capabilities

);

if (FAILED(hres))

{

cout << "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x"

<< hex << hres << endl;

pSvc->Release();

pLoc->Release();

CoUninitialize();

return 1; // Program has failed.

}

// Step 6: --------------------------------------------------

// Use the IWbemServices pointer to make requests of WMI ----

// For example, get the name of the operating system

IEnumWbemClassObject* pEnumerator = NULL;

hres = pSvc->ExecQuery(

bstr_t("WQL"),

bstr_t("SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMedia"),

WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,

NULL,

&pEnumerator);

if (FAILED(hres))

{

cout << "Query for physical media failed."

<< " Error code = 0x"

<< hex << hres << endl;

pSvc->Release();

pLoc->Release();

CoUninitialize();

return 1; // Program has failed.

}

// Step 7: -------------------------------------------------

// Get the data from the query in step 6 -------------------

IWbemClassObject *pclsObj;

ULONG uReturn = 0;

while (pEnumerator)

{

HRESULT hr = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1,

&pclsObj, &uReturn);

if(0 == uReturn)

{

break;

}

VARIANT vtProp;

// Get the value of the Name property

hr = pclsObj->Get(L"SerialNumber", 0, &vtProp, 0, 0);

wcout << "Serial Number : " << vtProp.bstrVal << endl;

VariantClear(&vtProp);

}

// Cleanup

// ========

pSvc->Release();

pLoc->Release();

pEnumerator->Release();

pclsObj->Release();

CoUninitialize();

return 0; // Program successfully completed.

}

标签:句柄,磁盘,获取

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